History of mathematics

UNIDAD EDUCATIVA "TABACUNDO"

FIRST PROJECT

HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS

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MAME :DAMARIS RAQUEL TOAPANTA FERNANDEZ 

COURSE : 2 BACHILLERATO "F"

History of mathematics

 

 INTRODUCTION

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 HISTORY OF MATH

Mathematics, the study of the relationships between quantities, magnitudes, and properties, and the logical operations used to deduce unknown quantities, magnitudes, and properties. In the past, mathematics was considered the science of quantity. The primitive calculation systems were based, surely, on the use of the fingers of one or two hands.

Mathematics in ancient times

The first references to advanced and organized mathematics date from the third millennium BC, in Babylon and Egypt. These mathematics were dominated by arithmetic. The first Egyptian books show a decimal numbering system with different symbols for successive powers of 10. The… see more…

. You add the 16, then 8, and the 4 and it turns out to be 28. You take a One-third of 6 and it comes out 2. You take 28 twice and it turns out 56. Look, it's 56. You'll find the right thing. "

 

 

 

 

 

  The history of mathematics has contributed to changing the course of humanity. They are the difficult subject par excellence, but nobody disputes their importance. At CurioSfera-Historia.com, we explain who invented mathematics, what its origin is, and how it has evolved

First applications

The process of mathematical discovery began in prehistoric times, with the

 development of ways of counting things that needed to be quantified. In its simplest 

version, it could be marks on bones or sticks, a rudimentary but reliable means 

of recording the number of certain things. Over time words and symbols were 

assigned to numbers, and the first numbering systems evolved, a means of expressing 

operations such as the acquisition of additional items, the depletion of stored product, 

or basic arithmetic operations.

It is impossible to be a mathematician without being a poet of the soul. Sofia Kovalevsky. Russian Mathematics With the shift from hunting and gathering to commerce and agriculture, and with the increasing sophistication of societies, arithmetic operations and a numbering system became essential tools for transactions of all kinds. To facilitate trade, inventory management, and taxation of countless goods such as oil, flour, or parcels of land, measurement systems were developed, assigning numerical values ​​to dimensions such as weight and length. 

Arithmetic and algebra

Thus began the history of mathematics as it is conceived today: 

the discoveries, conjectures, and knowledge of mathematicians that make up the bulk

 of this book. In addition to individual thinkers and their ideas, it is a history of 

societies and cultures, a continuously developing thread of thought that from the 

ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt passed through Greece, China,

 India, the Islamic Empire, and the Europe of the Renaissance to the modern world.

 In its evolution, mathematics incorporated several separate but interconnected fields 

of study.

Geometry and calculation
A third major field of mathematics is geometry, which deals with
 the concept of space and the relationships between objects in it:
 the study of the shape, size, and position of figures. It evolved
 from the very practical activity of describing the physical
 dimensions of things in engineering and construction projects,
 from the measurement and distribution of parcels of land, and from
 astronomical observations for navigation and the
 development of calendars. One particular branch of geometry
, trigonometry (the study of the properties of triangles) proved
 especially useful in such endeavors. Perhaps because of its very
 specific character, geometry was the cornerstone for many
 ancient civilizations, providing a means of problem solving and
 demonstration in other fields.
New technology, new ideas
The fields of mathematics - geometry, algebra, arithmetic, calculus,
 and fundamentals - are worthy of study in their own right, and 
the popular image of academic mathematics is that of an almost 
incomprehensible abstraction. However, practical applications have
 been found for mathematical discoveries, and scientific and
 technological advances have led to innovations in mathematical
 thinking.
 One example noted is the symbiotic relationship between 
mathematics and computers. Originally designed as a mechanical 
means of performing tedious calculations and making tables for 
mathematicians, astronomers, and other scholars, the very 
construction of new computers required new 
The first civilizations to use mathematics.
Egypt
The mathematical records that exist of this civilization date back
 to 5,000 BC. Not only are basic mathematical operations recorded,
 but the
Egyptians could already solve equations, perform calculations on 
geometric figures, and even had the ability to draw spatial shapes,
 such as pyramids.
This culture advanced considerably in the use and application of
 geometry, calculating very precisely the area of ​​triangles, 
rectangles and trapezoids.
 
And as we had mentioned, they had also made progress in 
calculating the volumes of cylinders, octahedral, and obviously
 pyramids.
 
The Egyptians used a decimal base system, very similar to that
 used by the Romans, which allowed them to add, subtract,
 multiply, and divide.
 
Babylon
Since 3,000 B.C. is that there is a record of the use of 
mathematics by the Babylonians. They used a sexagesimal base system
, that is, their base is 60.
The Babylonians developed very advanced techniques for their time,
 which allowed them to solve complex problems.
In addition, they were able to perform the operations to find the
 positive roots of equations of the second degree, and even of 
some of the third degrees
And this is how later more characters came to complement the bases
 that already existed on mathematics, some important characters
 for the current development of mathematics are:
-Democritus of Abdera
-Hippocrates of Cos
-Eudoxus of Kinds
-Euclid
-Archimedes
-Heron of Alexandria
-Ptolemy
-Cardano
-Galois
-Pierre de Fermat
-Isaac Newton
-Rene Descartes
-Pascal Blaise
-Jacob Bernoulli
-Laplace
-Leonhard Euler
-Georg Cantor
-Jean Fourier 
-Karl Gauss
-Josiah Gibbs
-George Boole
-Bertrand Russell
-David Hilbert                      
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